Melasma Triggers: What Causes It and How to Avoid Flare-Ups

Melasma is a common skin condition that causes dark, discoloured patches on the face, particularly on the cheeks, forehead, upper lip, and nose. While it is not harmful, it can be a distressing cosmetic concern for many people. Understanding the triggers of melasma and taking preventive measures can help keep flare-ups under control.

In this article, we will explore the causes of melasma and how to avoid its aggravation, with expert insights from Dr. Hera Tabassum, a renowned dermatologist in Roorkee.

What is Melasma?

Melasma, often referred to as the "mask of pregnancy," is a skin pigmentation disorder that results in brown or greyish patches. It is more common in women, especially those with darker skin tones.

The condition occurs due to an overproduction of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin colour. While melasma is not painful or itchy, its appearance can be bothersome, making treatment and prevention essential.

Common Triggers of Melasma

Melasma can be triggered by several factors, ranging from hormonal changes to external environmental influences. Identifying these triggers can help individuals manage and prevent melasma flare-ups effectively.

1. Sun Exposure

One of the most significant triggers of melasma is UV radiation from the sun. Ultraviolet (UV) rays stimulate melanocytes (pigment-producing cells), leading to increased melanin production and worsening pigmentation.

Even a few minutes of sun exposure without protection can cause melasma to darken.

How to Avoid:

  • Wear a broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 50+) daily, even on cloudy days.
  • Reapply sunscreen every 2 hours when outdoors.
  • Use wide-brimmed hats and sunglasses to shield your face from direct sunlight.
  • Seek shade whenever possible, especially between 10 AM to 4 PM, when the sun is strongest.

2. Hormonal Changes

Hormonal fluctuations, particularly during pregnancy, menopause, and while taking oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy, can contribute to melasma.

 Increased oestrogen and progesterone levels stimulate melanin production, making women more susceptible to this condition.

How to Avoid:

  • If possible, consult a dermatologist in Roorkee, such as Dr. Hera Tabassum, before starting hormonal medications.
  • Consider non-hormonal birth control options if melasma is a concern.
  • Maintain a healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet to support hormonal balance.

3. Heat and Inflammation

Excessive heat from the sun, hot showers, or cooking over a stove can worsen melasma by dilating blood vessels and increasing skin inflammation. Similarly, skin irritation caused by harsh skincare products can lead to flare-ups.

How to Avoid:

  • Avoid hot showers and instead use lukewarm water.
  • Minimize exposure to saunas and hot environments.
  • Use gentle, fragrance-free skincare products to reduce skin irritation.
  • Stay hydrated to keep skin cool and calm.

4. Genetic Factors

Melasma tends to run in families, indicating a genetic component to the condition. If your parents or siblings have melasma, you may be at a higher risk. While genetics cannot be changed, adopting preventive skincare habits can help minimize the impact.

How to Avoid:

  • Start preventive skincare early, especially if melasma runs in your family.
  • Regularly consult a dermatologist in Roorkee, such as Dr. Hera Tabassum, for personalized skin assessments.

5. Certain Medications and Skincare Products

Some medications, including anti-seizure drugs, certain antibiotics, and blood pressure medications, can trigger melasma. Additionally, harsh chemical peels, aggressive exfoliants, and skin-lightening treatments with hydroquinone can lead to post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, worsening melasma.

How to Avoid:

  • Check with your doctor about possible alternative medications if you are prone to melasma.
  • Avoid harsh chemical treatments unless prescribed by a dermatologist.
  • Use soothing skincare products containing niacinamide and vitamin C to brighten the skin safely.

Effective Ways to Manage and Prevent Melasma

While melasma cannot always be prevented, the right skincare routine and lifestyle choices can help manage and reduce its appearance. Here are some effective strategies:

1. Medical Treatments

If melasma is persistent, Dr. Hera Tabassum, a leading dermatologist in Roorkee, recommends professional treatments such as:

  • Topical Creams – Prescription creams with hydroquinone, tretinoin, and corticosteroids can lighten melasma patches.
  • Chemical Peels – Mild chemical peels help exfoliate the skin and reduce pigmentation.
  • Laser Therapy – Advanced laser treatments can target and break down excess melanin.
  • Microneedling and PRP Therapy – These techniques promote collagen production and even skin tone.

2. Skin-Friendly Diet

A balanced diet rich in antioxidants, vitamin C, and omega-3 fatty acids can help improve skin health and reduce melasma risk. Foods such as berries, green leafy vegetables, nuts, and fatty fish are beneficial.

3. Daily Skincare Routine

  • Cleanse with a gentle, sulphate-free face wash.
  • Apply antioxidant-rich serums (vitamin C, niacinamide) to brighten skin.
  • Use broad-spectrum sunscreen religiously.
  • Avoid aggressive scrubbing or using products with alcohol, as they can trigger inflammation.

Expert Advice from Dr. Hera Tabassum

As an experienced dermatologist in Roorkee, Dr. Hera Tabassum emphasizes the importance of early detection and proper skincare for melasma. She advises:

  • “Consistency is key when managing melasma. Protecting your skin daily from UV rays, heat, and harsh chemicals can make a significant difference.”
  • “Customized treatments tailored to your skin type work best. It is important to consult a qualified dermatologist in Roorkee to determine the safest and most effective approach.”

Conclusion

Melasma is a challenging condition, but by understanding its triggers and adopting protective measures, you can prevent flare-ups and maintain healthy skin.

Whether it’s sun exposure, hormonal fluctuations, or genetic predisposition, taking proactive steps, such as using sunscreen, avoiding heat, and consulting a dermatologist can help manage the condition effectively.

For professional guidance and advanced melasma treatments, schedule a consultation with Dr. Hera Tabassum, a trusted dermatologist in Roorkee known for her expertise in skin health and pigmentation disorders.

Location: Dr Hera’s Skin & Hair Clinic, near Bank of India, Malviya chowk, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India

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